David K. Mercier
Genesis 19 and Homosexuality: What Really Happened in Sodom?
Genesis 19 is one of the first passages of Scripture traditionally referenced in debating homosexuality.
This post is for anyone wrestling with what Genesis 19 really says—and doesn’t say—about sexuality, sin, and God’s judgment. Whether you’re a queer Christian trying to sort out what you believe, a parent of a queer kid, or just someone trying to make sense of this often-quoted passage, this guide is here to help.
Let’s review the text of Genesis 19:1–29. Then I’ll break down the traditional and modern interpretations, historical context, and theological implications.
Read Genesis 19:1–29 (NIV)
The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. “My lords,” he said, “please turn aside to your servant’s house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning.”
“No,” they answered, “we will spend the night in the square.”
But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house.They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.”
Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don’t do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.”
“Get out of our way,” they replied. “This fellow came here as a foreigner, and now he wants to play the judge! We’ll treat you worse than them.” They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door.
But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.
The two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it.”
So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry[a] his daughters. He said, “Hurry and get out of this place, because the Lord is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished.”
When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the Lord was merciful to them. As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, “Flee for your lives! Don’t look back, and don’t stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!”
But Lot said to them, “No, my lords,[b] please! 19 Your[c] servant has found favor in your[d] eyes, and you[e] have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can’t flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I’ll die. 20 Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to it—it is very small, isn’t it? Then my life will be spared.”
He said to him, “Very well, I will grant this request too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of. But flee there quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it.”
By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had risen over the land. Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the Lord. He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew the cities where Lot had lived.
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®
What Was the Sin of Sodom?
Traditional View:
- Sodom was destroyed for the sin of homosexuality.
- The men’s desire to have sex with Lot’s visitors is seen as evidence of same-sex desire, condemned by God.
- This story is often linked with New Testament verses such as
Modern Scholarly View:
- The passage describes attempted gang rape, not consensual same-sex relationships.
- This is a story about violence, domination, xenophobia, and abuse of hospitality norms.
- The intent is humiliation and domination, which were common warfare or xenophobic tactics in the ancient Near East.
- Lot offering his daughters shows the mob’s desire was humiliation, not attraction.
- Supporting texts frame the sin as pride, injustice, and inhospitality:
The Importance of Hospitality in Ancient Culture
- In ancient Near Eastern culture, hospitality was sacred. Providing safety, food, and shelter to travelers was considered a divine duty.
- Lot was obligated to protect guests at all costs, even to the disturbing extreme of offering his daughters. Which is a reflection of patriarchal honor codes more than ethical guidance.
- The offense in Sodom was a complete rejection of hospitality and violent intent toward strangers.
- Jesus reflects this in Matthew, where Sodom is referenced in the context of inhospitality, not sexual sin.
- Matthew 10:14-15
If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, leave that home or town and shake the dust off your feet. Truly I tell you, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.
- Matthew 10:14-15
Considering Lot’s Actions
- The story suggests a cultural prioritization of male honor and guest protection over women’s safety.
- Lot’s plea is driven by cultural expectations to protect the vulnerable under his roof from violence.
- Lot is called righteous in 2 Peter, but his offer of his daughters is deeply troubling.
- 2 Peter 2:7
and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man, who was distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless.
- 2 Peter 2:7
Reframing the Narrative
Today, many biblical scholars both conservative and progressive agree that Genesis 19 centers on the context of violence, attempted rape, and inhospitality, rather than consensual romantic or sexual love.
So why do many evangelical churches still teach that the sin of Sodom was homosexuality? Might it be this message reflects more about the ones preaching than the text itself? When we step back and look at the biblical witness—from the prophets to Jesus himself in Matthew 10:14–15 it becomes clear: the sin of Sodom was about arrogance, inhospitality, and violence, not loving same-sex relationships.
Could it be that this passage has been used, not because it speaks the truth about LGBTQ+ people, but because it reinforces a framework some are committed to upholding?
If Jesus had nothing to say about homosexuality when referencing Sodom—but instead warned against rejecting strangers and failing to show hospitality—shouldn’t that tell us something?
What might shift if we took Jesus’ words more seriously than our assumptions?
Takeaway
- Genesis 19 isn’t a blanket condemnation of LGBTQ+ people or relationships.
- It is a story of attempted rape, lack of hospitality, and power abuse.
- The Bible interprets Sodom’s sin as inhospitality, arrogance, injustice, and disregard for the vulnerable.
Resources
- Progressive theologians have helped reframe the debate with both academic rigor and pastoral care.
- Justin Lee – Torn
- James V. Brownson – Bible, Gender, Sexuality
- Matthew Vines – God and the Gay Christian
- The Reformation Project’s Genesis 19 is about abuse, not love
- Resources for Church Leaders wrestling with LGBTQ questions: Small Church Big Table
This blog post is part of an ongoing project to explore difficult biblical texts with honesty, care, and curiosity. It will be updated over time with more resources and insights, so please bookmark.
If this helped you, consider sharing it with someone who’s wrestling with the same questions. You’re not alone.
Be well,
David
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Genesis 19 and Homosexuality
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